Travis Tua Photography (April 18, 2023) Flag Day

 

 Photo Credits to Alamy Stock

Photo Credits to Dr. Austin Allen

How Ancient Love Legends Shape Life on American Samoa. (2017, February 9). Travel. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/dreamy-photos-love-legends-american-samoa

Perez, A. (2020, June 4). A. Perez Voyages | A Life of Travel. A. Perez Voyages | Once the Traveling Begins, the Voyage Never Ends. https://www.aperezvoyages.com

 

 

Moyle, Richard M. (1981), Fāgogo: Fables from Samoa in Samoan and English, Auckland: Auckland University Press/Oxford University Press.

 

Fraser, John (1895), ‘Some folksongs and myths from Samoa’, Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 29, pp. 366-393.

 

Krämer, Augustin (1902-1903), Die Samoa-Inseln: Entwurf einer Monographie mit beson derer Berücksichtigung Deutsch-Samoas, 2 vols., Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart.

Krämer, Augustin (1994-1995), The Samoa Islands, 2 vols., translated by Theodore Verhaaren, Auckland: Pasifika Press.

 

Powell, T. A., and G. Pratt (1890), ‘Some folksongs and myths from Samoa’, Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 24, pp. 195-217.

Powell, T. A., and G. Pratt (1891), ‘Some folksongs and myths from Samoa’, Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 25, pp. 70-85, 96-146, 241-286.

 

Fraser, John. “The Samoan Story of Creation: A ‘Tala.’” Journal of the Polynesian Society 1.3 (1892): 164–89. Print.

 

“The Samoan Creation Legend—National Park of American Samoa.” National Park Service. US Dept. of Interior, n.d. Web. 25 June 2013.

 

Best trails in National Park of American Samoa. (2025). AllTrails.com. https://doi.org/10106783/parks-american-samoa-national-park-of-american-samoa-10106783-20200625080002000000000-1200x630-3-41593111506

 

DMWR (Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources).  2006. A Comprehensive Strategy for Wildlife Conservation in America Samoa.  Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources.  America Samoa Government.

 

NPS (National Park Service).  2015.  National Park of American Samoa. Retrieved from: http://www.nps.gov/npsa/index.htm

 

National Park of American Samoa.  2009.  Natural History Guide to American Samoa.  P. Craig (ed.).  3rd edition.  Pago, Pago, American Samoa: National Park of American Samoa, Department Marine and Wildlife Resources, American Samoa Community College.  Retrieved from: http://www.nps.gov/npsa/learn/nature/upload/NatHistGuideAS09.pdf

 

Fofō, I. F. S. Lupe o Le Foaga: Faamatalaina o Aganuu Pei Ona Faatino i Ona Po Nei. American Samoa: Matagaluega o le Aoga, 2002.

Fofō, Sunia. Usuga Ma Aumoega a Tamalii o Samoa. Pago Pago, American Samoa: The Author, 2016.

 

Fraser, John. “A Samoan Story of Creation: A ‘Tala.’” The Journal of the Polynesian Society 1, no. 3 (1892): 164–89.

 

———. “Folk Songs and Myths from Samoa II: Chaos and Strife: A Solo.” The Journal of the Polynesian Society 6, no. 1 (1897): 19–36.

———. “Some Folk Songs and Myths from Samoa.” Translated by Thomas Powell and George Pratt. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 24 (1890): 195–217.

———. “Some Folksongs and Myths from Samoa.” Translated by George Pratt. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 25 (1891): 96–122.

———. “Some Folksongs and Myths from Samoa.” Translated by George Pratt. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 25 (1891): 70–86.

———. “Some Folksongs and Myths from Samoa.” Translated by George Pratt. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 26 (1892): 264–304.

———. “Some Folksongs and Myths from Samoa.” Translated by George Pratt. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 25 (n.d.): 241–86.

———. “Some Folk-Tales and Myths from Samoa.” Translated by George Pratt. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 25 (1891): 121–46.

———. “Some Folk-Tales and Myths from Samoa.” Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 29 (1895): 360–87.

 

Krämer, Augustin. Hawaii, Ostmikronesia Und Samoa. Stuttgard, Germany: Verlag von Strecker & Schroder, 1906.

———. Salamasina: Scenes from Ancient Sāmoan Culture and History. Translated by Brother Herman. Pago Pago, American Samoa: The Association of Marist Brother’s Old Boys, 1958.

Krämer, Augustin. “Tagebuch [Diary}. Volume 8.,” 1997.

Krämer, Augustin. The Samoa Islands: An Outline of a Monograph with Particular Consideration of German Samoa. Translated by Theodore Verhaaren. Vol. 1: Constitution, pedigree, and traditions. 2 vols. Auckland, New Zealand: Polynesian Press, 1994.

———. The Samoa Islands: An Outline of a Monograph with Particular Consideration of German Samoa. Translated by Theodore Verhaaren. Vol. 2: Material culture. 2 vols. Auckland, New Zealand: Polynesian Press, 1994.

 

Simanu, Aumua Mata’itusi. O Faia Fa’atumua o Samoa Mai Tala o Le Vavau: A Text for the Advanced Study of Samoan Language and Culture. Hawaii,HI: National Foreign Language Resource Center, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 2011.

———. O Si Manu a Ali’i: A Text for the Advanced Study of Samoan Language and Culture. Auckland, New Zealand: Pasifika Press/University of Hawai’i Press, 2002.

———. O Si Manu Ali’i: A Text for the Advanced Study of Samoan Language and Culture. Auckland, New Zealand: Pasifika Press/University of Hawai’i Press, 2002.

 

Tofaeono, Tavale Tanuvasa. Fa’alupega o Samoa Atoa. Auckland, New Zealand: Fuelavelave Press, 2012. 

———. Ni Isi o Taofi i Le Foafoaga o Samoa: A History of Samoa. Auckland, New Zealand: Fuelavelave Press, 2012.

———. Tofa Manusina. Auckland, New Zealand: Author, 200AD.

 

TS The Kings of Tonga and Manu’a: Samoan Mythology. (2025). Samoanmythology.net. https://samoanmythology.net/ts-the-kings-of-tonga-and-manua/

 

Stuebel, Oscar. 1987. Tala O le Vavau. The Myths, Legends and Customs of Old Samoa. Auckland: Polynesian Press.  "Adapted from the collections of C. Stuebel and Brother Herman," this is an illustrated reprint of a classic collection of Samoan folklore, first published in Pago Pago in 1955 by the Association of the Marist Brothers' Old Boys.  Samoan and English texts are given on facing pages.  Although the paperback reprint cites "C. Stuebel,” the collection is attributed to German consul Oscar Stuebel, who served in Western Samoa between 1884 and 1894.  Brother Herman's English translation was published in Wellington in 1976.  Brother Herman taught at the Leone Boys School and did valuable work in collecting and translating Samoan oral traditions.

 

Wilkes, Charles. 1845. Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, and 1842. 5 volumes. Philadephia: Lea & Blanchard. Reprinted 1970, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Gregg Press.  This is a valuable, detailed account of Samoa from the U.S. Navy's first scientific expedition to the islands.  Volume I includes general economic and cultural data for Samoa.  Volume II, pp. 60-154, includes his visit to Tutuila and Manu'a in 1839.  Wilkes met with the Tui Manu'a on Olosega. He appears to have received much of his information on Tutuila from missionary A. W. Murray [q.v.].

 

Henry, F. 1958. Talafaasolopito o Samoa. Apia: Commercial Printers.

Kramer, A. 1994. The Samoan Island, Vol 1. Auckland: Polynesian Press.

Le Tagaloa, A. F. 1997. O le Faasinomaga. Apia: Lamepa Press.

Leaupepe, P. 1995. Samoa i lona soifuaga i ana aganuu. Auckland: Pacific Book Producers Ltd. 

Meleisea, M. and Meleisea, P. eds. 1987. Lagaga: A short history of Western Samoa. Suva: Institute of Pacific Studies, USP.

Salua, F.S. 2007. O le Tafafa o au Measina Samoa. Apia: Government Printing.

Sauoaiga, A. L.  1988. O le mavaega i le tai. Apia: Malua Printing.

Stuebel, O. 1976. Myths and Legends of Samoa. Wellington, A. H and A.W Reed.

 

https://centreforsamoanstudies.ws/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/O-le-ao-o-le-Tuimanua-mai-Fitiuta-i-Maletele-i-Tau.pdf

Tamasese, T.T. 2009. Su’esu’e Manogi: in Search of Fragrance. Le Papaigalagala: Centre for Samoan Studies, National University of Samoa.
Tofaeono, T.T. 1999. Fuelavelave. Auckland, NZ: Wordsell Press.

Fāgogo ‘O Sināmoe‘ilepapa (Sināmoe‘ilepapa)' is told by Laulā Namulautī in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in April 1968. Transcribed and translated by Richard Moyle and checked by Galumalemana Alfred Hunkin as part of a later project.

 

Fāgogo 'Tatinaueo & Tatinaueo' is told by Laulā Namulautī inTa'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in April 1968.

 

Fāgogo 'Lelausului' is told by Laulā Namulautī in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in April 1968.

Action song 'O la'u fāgogo' is performed by Laulā Namulautī in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in April 1968.

Tala i le pīnaunau is told by Laulā Namulautī in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in April 1968.

Fāgogo 'Sivolo, Levolo' told by Laulā Namulautī in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in April 1968.

Song performed by Laula Namulautī in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in April 1968.

"Tu'utu'u mai 'o lou taliga Se'i tātā le 'ūtete"

Tongan song performed by Laula Namulautī in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in April 1968.

"Tālalua ū. Tālalua ū...."

"Tala i le vā o Tuimanu'a ma Tuitoga"

 

Sakē performed by Tela Talaifiti and wife in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Lau tilafoa, lau tilafoa …"

 

Aumoega performed by La'apui Lefiti in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"To'oto'o e ma Falefā ma le laumua 'O 'oe lenā le fetū tāua ma le malama fo'i”

 

Song performed in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"O le mea ou te tagi ai …"

Song performed in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Nu'u lāiti ē"

 

Song performed by Vai Pomele in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Sole, 'aua lava e te taulagi 'O le ma'i fo'i ma le alagi"

 

Song performed by Laulā Namulautī in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Su'e mai lāia se fofō e aogā 'i le ma'i loto Pea iloga ā toe mafai, na'o le tepa e lelei ai."

 

"Ā o'u moe, ala mai ma ou faitauina 'O Iuni 'o lona māsina, i le aso lima"

 

Solo performed by Ioane Ta'aga in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Le Folasa na sau mai Aga'e …"

"O'u moemoe lava i Toga Ma lo'u manatu mai 'i Sāmoa"

"O a'u, 'o a'u lava, 'o a'u 'o Sinā fa'alanu …"

Fa'a'u'uga performed by Ioane Ta'aga in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Tuimanu'a e, lo'u ali'i e 'Ole’ā fa'a'u'u 'oe (fai) ma tupu. Ū! Ū! Ū!"

 

Alo va'a performed by Ioane Ta'aga in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Tagi e lo'u māfaufau 'I la'u 'ula 'ua tafea i le 'a'au"

 

Song performed by Ioane Ta'aga in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Fitiuta 'ua lē fai loto …"

 

"Puaina le manogi 'o lo'o 'ua salalau Ona fa'alogo Sina 'i le to'elau"

Tagi performed by La'apui Lefiti in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Agi mai le lafalafa Fa'ifa'i si o mā va'a"

Vi'iga performed by Tela Talaifiti in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Le aso lava e mānaia Le aso 'ula o le taeao mānaia …"

 

 

Song performed by Tela Talaifiti and Ioane Ta'aga in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Ae te'i ai nei lo'u loto, 'Ua pei lava 'o se manu i matagi olo"

 

"Tagi e lo'u māfaufau . ."

"Tuimanu'a e, lo'u ali'i e …"

"Lupe, lupe. 'O le lupe lē olo i le vao puanea Ma le tufu o mano'o o le vai sualua"

"O a'u sā moe te'ite'i mai 'I tala ia 'ua sae mai"

 

Tagati'a performed by Tela Talaifiti and Ioane Ta'aga in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Sau, sau ti'a e …"

Tagi performed by Ioane Ta'aga in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Laupanini ma Laupanana Fo'ifo'i mai nai a'u tama"

 

Medley performed by Ioane Ta'aga in Fitiuta, Manu'a, American Samoa between November-December 1966.

"Si o mātou va'a na fau 'I le popo 'ulu ma le lala fau"

 

Tagi performed by Laulā Namulautī in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in December 1966.

"Sāluamalae e, la'u tama, Na 'e alu ma asiga 'i le fa'atafa o Liualefaga"

 

Song performed by Laulā Namulautī in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in December 1966.

"Mamā, Papā, 'ofea e te alu 'i ai? [Ou] Te alu e fa'asusu le pepe a Mele"

"Sau ia 'oe'o le teine itiiti …"

"Oi sole, 'aua le fa'apea, Tāofi ia ma upu i le Hosea"

 

 

 

Tagi performed by Tuliau Liolio in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in December 1966.

"Sua mai 'o le tai e, sua mai 'o le tai e Lele faigā fīgota, le faiga alili e"

 

Song performed by Tuliau Liolio in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in December 1966.

"Pua'ula e ō mai ia, Pua'ula e ō mai ia. Ō mai ō ō ō Pua'ula e ō mai ia, Pua'ula e ō mai ia. Ō mai ō ō ō"

 

"Puaina le manogi 'o lo'o 'ua salalau Ona fa'alogo Sina 'i le to'elau"

Song performed by Sea Filoalii in Ta'ū, Manu'a, American Samoa in December 1966.

"Fati mai le galu feō aliao E gāsolo 'uma figota o le 'a'au"

 

"Auē tafefe, le afi 'o lo'o 'ua mū Mū mai lelā itū"

Song performed by Sai Tuānu'utele & men in Ofu, Manu'a, American Samoa in December 1966.

"Ua ita Tagaloa tuli Sina 'i le ala Mālietoa 'ai 'o a'u 'o Sāuluaga"

Song performed by Tau'ili'ili Lauifi in Ofu, Manu'a, American Samoa in December 1966.

"Samoa e, tafēfē, 'ole'ā sau le vaega'au Fai mai e taufa'afefe"

"E leaga lea manu 'o le lulu e tau folau E leaga lea manu 'o le toa e tōtōē"

"Tuimanu'a e, lo'u ali'i e 'O la'u umiti lenei 'ua ou sai ai."

"Sau le pia, sau le galu 'Ā tulia teine 'ole'ā seu malie, 'ā seu malie"

"Auē auē mātou te fai mō 'oe la'u pele La'u pele e lālelei moni"

Taua performed by Tau'ili'ili Lauifi in Ofu, Manu'a, American Samoa in December 1966.

"Noatū le maile i le 'olo e Sōsō atu ne'i 'ūtia 'oe."

 

Song performed by Sai Tuānu'utele & men's group in Ofu, Manu'a, American Samoa in December 1966.

"Silasila ma fa'afofoga Samoa 'I le manu sā nofo i le faitoto'a"

"Tama ia 'ua lele mai le pepe 'Ua lele mai le pepe"

"Le sefulu ma le fā [o le] māsina Na sau ai le fa'ālia"

"Fa'alogo, fa'alogo ma fa'atatau 'I le tusi 'ole'ā fa'alau"

"Liu faluā 'o le vāgana, moe i le uliuli Moe i le ataata, Samoa e"

Song performed by Fai'ai Seuma’ala in Olosega, Manu'a, American Samoa in January 1967.

"Na ou sau mai Manu'a 'o lo'u fia tā …"

"Tō to to tō …"

"Sā vavalu nei le pelofeta …"

"Muamua mua, mua ō …"

Alo va'a performed by Fai'ai Seuma’ala in Olosega, Manu'a, American Samoa in January 1967.

"Taumalua, taumalua, nu'u teletele Taumalua, taumalua, nu'u teletele"

 

Song performed by Mapuatele in Olosega, Manu'a, American Samoa between January-February 1967.

"O le tū a le tama fai umu …"

 

Song performed by Tau'ili'ili Lauifi in Olosega, Manu'a, American Samoa between January-February 1967.

"Tama'ita'i e. Ioe Fa'asavili le pe'a 'o laofie. Ioe."

 Tala 'Tuitoga & Tuimanu'a' told by Sai Tuānu'utele in Ofu, Manu'a, American Samoa in January 1967.